{"id":269641,"date":"2024-10-20T09:40:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T01:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641"},"modified":"2024-10-20T09:40:33","modified_gmt":"2024-10-20T01:40:33","slug":"%e5%bc%b5%e7%ab%b6%e5%8d%9a%e5%a3%ab%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84-%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e5%88%b0%e5%ba%95%e6%9c%89%e6%b2%92%e6%9c%89%e8%a2%ab%e5%9c%8d%e5%9b%b0%e6%88%96%e6%98%af%e8%a2%ab%e5%b0%81%e9%8e%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641","title":{"rendered":"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u70ba\u4f55\u5f9e2022\u5e748\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5171\u8ecd\u4e09\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u5be6\u65bd\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u5468\u908a\u5283\u8a2d\u5e7e\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u3010\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3011\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u6703\u914d\u5408\u767c\u4f48\u822a\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u98db\u5b89\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u98db\u884c\u5668\u8207\u8239\u8236\u901a\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8207\u9109\u89aa\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e(Gestalttheorie)\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u5176\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u4e0a\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u586b\u88dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(Reification)\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u60a8\u611f\u89ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7acb\u9ad4\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5713\u5f62\u5708\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u56db\u6240\u986f\u73fe\u6b63\u65b9\u578b\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u56db\u908a\u6846\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u4e94\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u5708\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5716\u4e09\u8207\u5716\u4e94\u4fc2\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7c21\u660e\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Pr\u00e4gnanz)\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u9589\u5408\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Geschlossenheit)\u5177\u9ad4\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u91dd\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u6578\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u8017\u76e1\u5507\u820c\u8ddf\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u6cd5\u689d\u9010\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c01\u9396\u884c\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u8981\u4ef6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7368\u6d3e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u660f\u982d\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u7d71\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:18px\">\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u543e\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8b49\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u660e\u986f\u8207\u65e2\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7274\u89f8\u7531\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6240\u884d\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u51fa\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u8e22\u5230\u300c\u8cfd\u9081\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u53cd\u5c04\u300d(Semmelweis reflex)\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u53cd\u99c1\u8207\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u63a1\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6176\u5e78\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u62b1\u6301\u7570\u898b\u8207\u6311\u6230\u7576\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u624b\u7d91\u7d81\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u56c9\uff01(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u7247\u7531\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">\u300c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7acb\u5834\u300d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u7c21\u4ecb:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">\u8cc7\u6df1\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u8ecd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u83ef\u6230\u7565\u5b78\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u69ae\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u6d77\u8ecd\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e26\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u6b0a\u8ecd\u8266\u8266\u9577\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7e3e\u512a\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u8d6b\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">\u5f35\u535a\u58eb\u52e4\u65bc\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u91dd\u782d\u6642\u653f\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u570b\u969b\u73fe\u52e2\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e26\u51fa\u5e2d\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u8ecd\u8b70\u984c\u767c\u8868\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u6230\u7565\u3001\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":269642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40042],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-269641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-par-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f - \u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f  \u70ba\u4f55\u5f9e2022\u5e748\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5171\u8ecd\u4e09\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u5be6\u65bd\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u5468\u908a\u5283\u8a2d\u5e7e\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u3010\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3011\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u6703\u914d\u5408\u767c\u4f48\u822a\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u98db\u5b89\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u98db\u884c\u5668\u8207\u8239\u8236\u901a\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8207\u9109\u89aa\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f  \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e(Gestalttheorie)\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u5176\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u4e0a\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u586b\u88dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(Reification)\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u60a8\u611f\u89ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7acb\u9ad4\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5713\u5f62\u5708\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u56db\u6240\u986f\u73fe\u6b63\u65b9\u578b\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u56db\u908a\u6846\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u4e94\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u5708\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5716\u4e09\u8207\u5716\u4e94\u4fc2\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7c21\u660e\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Pr\u00e4gnanz)\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u9589\u5408\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Geschlossenheit)\u5177\u9ad4\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u6578\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u8017\u76e1\u5507\u820c\u8ddf\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u6cd5\u689d\u9010\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c01\u9396\u884c\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u8981\u4ef6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7368\u6d3e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u660f\u982d\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u7d71\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u3002  \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f  \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002  \u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002  \u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002  \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002  \u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002  \u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002  \u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u543e\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8b49\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u660e\u986f\u8207\u65e2\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7274\u89f8\u7531\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6240\u884d\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u51fa\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u8e22\u5230\u300c\u8cfd\u9081\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u53cd\u5c04\u300d(Semmelweis reflex)\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u53cd\u99c1\u8207\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u63a1\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6176\u5e78\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u62b1\u6301\u7570\u898b\u8207\u6311\u6230\u7576\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u624b\u7d91\u7d81\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u56c9\uff01(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u7247\u7531\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b)  \u00a0  \u300c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7acb\u5834\u300d  \u00a0  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u7c21\u4ecb:  \u8cc7\u6df1\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u8ecd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u83ef\u6230\u7565\u5b78\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u69ae\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u6d77\u8ecd\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e26\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u6b0a\u8ecd\u8266\u8266\u9577\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7e3e\u512a\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u8d6b\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u3002  \u5f35\u535a\u58eb\u52e4\u65bc\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u91dd\u782d\u6642\u653f\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u570b\u969b\u73fe\u52e2\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e26\u51fa\u5e2d\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u8ecd\u8b70\u984c\u767c\u8868\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u6230\u7565\u3001\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_TW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f - \u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f  \u70ba\u4f55\u5f9e2022\u5e748\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5171\u8ecd\u4e09\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u5be6\u65bd\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u5468\u908a\u5283\u8a2d\u5e7e\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u3010\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3011\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u6703\u914d\u5408\u767c\u4f48\u822a\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u98db\u5b89\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u98db\u884c\u5668\u8207\u8239\u8236\u901a\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8207\u9109\u89aa\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f  \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e(Gestalttheorie)\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u5176\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u4e0a\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u586b\u88dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(Reification)\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u60a8\u611f\u89ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7acb\u9ad4\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5713\u5f62\u5708\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u56db\u6240\u986f\u73fe\u6b63\u65b9\u578b\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u56db\u908a\u6846\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u4e94\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u5708\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5716\u4e09\u8207\u5716\u4e94\u4fc2\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7c21\u660e\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Pr\u00e4gnanz)\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u9589\u5408\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Geschlossenheit)\u5177\u9ad4\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u6578\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u8017\u76e1\u5507\u820c\u8ddf\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u6cd5\u689d\u9010\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c01\u9396\u884c\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u8981\u4ef6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7368\u6d3e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u660f\u982d\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u7d71\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u3002  \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f  \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002  \u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002  \u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002  \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002  \u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002  \u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002  \u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u543e\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8b49\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u660e\u986f\u8207\u65e2\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7274\u89f8\u7531\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6240\u884d\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u51fa\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u8e22\u5230\u300c\u8cfd\u9081\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u53cd\u5c04\u300d(Semmelweis reflex)\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u53cd\u99c1\u8207\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u63a1\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6176\u5e78\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u62b1\u6301\u7570\u898b\u8207\u6311\u6230\u7576\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u624b\u7d91\u7d81\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u56c9\uff01(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u7247\u7531\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b)  \u00a0  \u300c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7acb\u5834\u300d  \u00a0  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u7c21\u4ecb:  \u8cc7\u6df1\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u8ecd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u83ef\u6230\u7565\u5b78\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u69ae\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u6d77\u8ecd\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e26\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u6b0a\u8ecd\u8266\u8266\u9577\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7e3e\u512a\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u8d6b\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u3002  \u5f35\u535a\u58eb\u52e4\u65bc\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u91dd\u782d\u6642\u653f\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u570b\u969b\u73fe\u52e2\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e26\u51fa\u5e2d\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u8ecd\u8b70\u984c\u767c\u8868\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u6230\u7565\u3001\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pingtungnews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-20T01:40:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/ImgFull_241020095252.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"769\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4a38c956d3c7b10bc695753d08303c85\"},\"headline\":\"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-20T01:40:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641\"},\"wordCount\":33,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/ImgFull_241020095252.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-TW\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641\",\"name\":\"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f - \u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/?p=269641#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/ImgFull_241020095252.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-20T01:40:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f \u70ba\u4f55\u5f9e2022\u5e748\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5171\u8ecd\u4e09\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u5be6\u65bd\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u5468\u908a\u5283\u8a2d\u5e7e\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u3010\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3011\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u6703\u914d\u5408\u767c\u4f48\u822a\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u98db\u5b89\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u98db\u884c\u5668\u8207\u8239\u8236\u901a\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8207\u9109\u89aa\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e(Gestalttheorie)\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u5176\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u4e0a\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u586b\u88dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(Reification)\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u60a8\u611f\u89ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7acb\u9ad4\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5713\u5f62\u5708\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u56db\u6240\u986f\u73fe\u6b63\u65b9\u578b\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u56db\u908a\u6846\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u4e94\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u5708\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5716\u4e09\u8207\u5716\u4e94\u4fc2\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7c21\u660e\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Pr\u00e4gnanz)\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u9589\u5408\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Geschlossenheit)\u5177\u9ad4\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002 \u91dd\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u6578\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u8017\u76e1\u5507\u820c\u8ddf\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u6cd5\u689d\u9010\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c01\u9396\u884c\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u8981\u4ef6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7368\u6d3e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u660f\u982d\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u7d71\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u3002 \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002 \u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002 \u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002 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\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f  \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002  \u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002  \u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002  \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002  \u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002  \u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002  \u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u543e\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8b49\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u660e\u986f\u8207\u65e2\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7274\u89f8\u7531\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6240\u884d\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u51fa\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u8e22\u5230\u300c\u8cfd\u9081\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u53cd\u5c04\u300d(Semmelweis reflex)\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u53cd\u99c1\u8207\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u63a1\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6176\u5e78\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u62b1\u6301\u7570\u898b\u8207\u6311\u6230\u7576\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u624b\u7d91\u7d81\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u56c9\uff01(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u7247\u7531\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b)  \u00a0  \u300c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7acb\u5834\u300d  \u00a0  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u7c21\u4ecb:  \u8cc7\u6df1\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u8ecd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u83ef\u6230\u7565\u5b78\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u69ae\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u6d77\u8ecd\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e26\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u6b0a\u8ecd\u8266\u8266\u9577\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7e3e\u512a\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u8d6b\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u3002  \u5f35\u535a\u58eb\u52e4\u65bc\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u91dd\u782d\u6642\u653f\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u570b\u969b\u73fe\u52e2\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e26\u51fa\u5e2d\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u8ecd\u8b70\u984c\u767c\u8868\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u6230\u7565\u3001\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641","og_locale":"zh_TW","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f - \u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831","og_description":"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f  \u70ba\u4f55\u5f9e2022\u5e748\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5171\u8ecd\u4e09\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u5be6\u65bd\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u5468\u908a\u5283\u8a2d\u5e7e\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u3010\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3011\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u6703\u914d\u5408\u767c\u4f48\u822a\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u98db\u5b89\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u98db\u884c\u5668\u8207\u8239\u8236\u901a\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8207\u9109\u89aa\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f  \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e(Gestalttheorie)\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u5176\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u4e0a\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u586b\u88dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(Reification)\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u60a8\u611f\u89ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7acb\u9ad4\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5713\u5f62\u5708\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u56db\u6240\u986f\u73fe\u6b63\u65b9\u578b\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u56db\u908a\u6846\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u4e94\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u5708\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5716\u4e09\u8207\u5716\u4e94\u4fc2\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7c21\u660e\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Pr\u00e4gnanz)\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u9589\u5408\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Geschlossenheit)\u5177\u9ad4\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u6578\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u8017\u76e1\u5507\u820c\u8ddf\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u6cd5\u689d\u9010\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c01\u9396\u884c\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u8981\u4ef6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7368\u6d3e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u660f\u982d\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u7d71\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u3002  \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002  \u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f  \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002  \u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002  \u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002  \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002  \u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002  \u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002  \u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u543e\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8b49\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u660e\u986f\u8207\u65e2\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7274\u89f8\u7531\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6240\u884d\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u51fa\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u8e22\u5230\u300c\u8cfd\u9081\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u53cd\u5c04\u300d(Semmelweis reflex)\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u53cd\u99c1\u8207\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u63a1\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6176\u5e78\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u62b1\u6301\u7570\u898b\u8207\u6311\u6230\u7576\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u624b\u7d91\u7d81\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u56c9\uff01(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u7247\u7531\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b)  \u00a0  \u300c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7acb\u5834\u300d  \u00a0  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u7c21\u4ecb:  \u8cc7\u6df1\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u8ecd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6  \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u83ef\u6230\u7565\u5b78\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u69ae\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u6d77\u8ecd\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e26\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u6b0a\u8ecd\u8266\u8266\u9577\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7e3e\u512a\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u8d6b\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u3002  \u5f35\u535a\u58eb\u52e4\u65bc\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u91dd\u782d\u6642\u653f\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u570b\u969b\u73fe\u52e2\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u8a2a\u4e26\u51fa\u5e2d\u653f\u8ad6\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u8ecd\u8b70\u984c\u767c\u8868\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u6230\u7565\u3001\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002","og_url":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641","og_site_name":"\u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pingtungnews","article_published_time":"2024-10-20T01:40:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":769,"url":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/ImgFull_241020095252.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005:":"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641"},"author":{"name":"\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e","@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/#\/schema\/person\/4a38c956d3c7b10bc695753d08303c85"},"headline":"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f","datePublished":"2024-10-20T01:40:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641"},"wordCount":33,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/ImgFull_241020095252.jpeg","articleSection":["\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e"],"inLanguage":"zh-TW"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641","url":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641","name":"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f - \u5c4f\u6771\u6642\u5831\u96fb\u5b50\u5831","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=269641#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/ImgFull_241020095252.jpeg","datePublished":"2024-10-20T01:40:33+00:00","description":"\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u5c08\u6b04 : \u81fa\u7063\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f \u70ba\u4f55\u5f9e2022\u5e748\u6708\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5171\u8ecd\u4e09\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u5be6\u65bd\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u5468\u908a\u5283\u8a2d\u5e7e\u500b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u3010\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3011\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u6f14\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u6703\u914d\u5408\u767c\u4f48\u822a\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u98db\u5b89\u901a\u5831\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u98db\u884c\u5668\u8207\u8239\u8236\u901a\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4f55\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u8207\u9109\u89aa\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff1f \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u6709\u500b\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e(Gestalttheorie)\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u5176\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u77e5\u89ba\u4e0a\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f15\u5c0e\u6216\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u586b\u88dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u300d(Reification)\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u60a8\u611f\u89ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u7acb\u9ad4\u7403\u9ad4\uff0c\u5716\u4e09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5713\u5f62\u5708\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u56db\u6240\u986f\u73fe\u6b63\u65b9\u578b\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6216\u56db\u908a\u6846\u4ee5\u53ca\u5716\u4e94\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u5708\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5716\u4e09\u8207\u5716\u4e94\u4fc2\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u5021\u8b70\u7c21\u660e\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Pr\u00e4gnanz)\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u9589\u5408\u6cd5\u5247(Gesetz der Geschlossenheit)\u5177\u9ad4\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002 \u91dd\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u6578\u5ea6\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u5c01\u9396\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u8017\u76e1\u5507\u820c\u8ddf\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u6cd5\u689d\u9010\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5c01\u9396\u884c\u52d5\u5be6\u65bd\u8981\u4ef6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7368\u6d3e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u660f\u982d\u5230\u5e95\u7684\u7d71\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u3002 \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4e4f\u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u6703\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u6240\u5283\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u5340\u5f71\u50cf\u6240\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u8981\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5730\u56f0\u96e3\u7121\u6bd4\u3002 \u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0d\u81fa\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u81fa\u7063\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u5230\u6ef4\u6c34\u4e0d\u6f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u4e2d\u65b7\u5730\u6b65\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u5916\u822a\u904b\u8207\u4ea4\u901a\u8a18\u9304\u90fd\u5f88\u516c\u958b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a66\u554f\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u5169\u5cb8\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u91d1\u99ac\u5916\u5cf6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u73ed\u6a5f\u53ef\u66fe\u8aa4\u9ede\uff1f\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u8ecd\u6a5f\u7a7f\u68ad\u81fa\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u7a7a\u57df153\u67b6\u6b21\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7dda\u6b21\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u51e1\u5e7e\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5c0d\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u73ed\u6a5f\u662f\u5426\u7522\u751f\u98db\u822a\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u969b\u6c11\u822a\u4f01\u696d\u6297\u8b70\u6216\u662f\u8b74\u8cac\u904e\uff1f \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u6975\u7aef\u56e0\u6b64\u8a87\u5927\u300d(exaggerated expectation)\u4e4b\u601d\u7dad\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u660e\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u8a34\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002 \u7576\u6b64\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u88ab\u4eba\u770b\u7a7f\u9ede\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u79a6\u6a5f\u5236\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u300c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u61c9\u300d(backfire effect)\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u5176\u5c07\u4ee5\u6975\u5ea6\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5f48\u8207\u99c1\u65a5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u66f4\u52a0\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u932f\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8b8a\u70ba\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\u6108\u947d\u6108\u6df1\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u543e\u4eba\u4ea6\u9808\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7576\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u9084\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u7576\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u95dc\u5df1\u5247\u4e82\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5404\u9805\u5468\u908a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u5c01\u9396\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u5de7\u5408\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300d(subjective validation)\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u300c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(belief bias)\u3002\u7576\u7136\u7531\u65bc\u6df1\u4fe1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u4e4b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u6703\u8207\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d50\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(confirmation bias)\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u670d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5be6\u81fa\u7063\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u8e22\u5230\u9435\u677f\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5f9e\u773e\u6548\u61c9\u300d(bandwagon effect)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8ddf\u96a8\u512a\u79c0\u8005\u9078\u908a\u7ad9\u968a\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u300c\u5566\u5566\u968a\u6548\u61c9\u300d(cheerleader effect)\u624d\u8b93\u73fe\u4ee3\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d05\u8207\u95dc\u9375\u516c\u773e\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896(key opinion leader)\u627e\u5230\u63ee\u7051\u64cd\u5f04\u821e\u81fa\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5343\u5c71\u6211\u7368\u884c\u6216\u662f\u96d6\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u543e\u5f80\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u76f2\u5f9e\u7fa4\u773e\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6253\u7b97\u626d\u8f49\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u5b9a\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u7fd2\u4e2d\u88ab\u570d\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u4e4b\u65e2\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u8207\u904e\u6ffe\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u8aa4\u300d(perception bias)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u300c\u504f\u898b\u76f2\u9ede\u300d(bias blind spot)\u50be\u5411\u3002 \u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u543e\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u662f\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u8b49\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u660e\u986f\u8207\u65e2\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u7274\u89f8\u7531\u81fa\u7063\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u6240\u884d\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u51fa\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u8e22\u5230\u300c\u8cfd\u9081\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u53cd\u5c04\u300d(Semmelweis reflex)\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u53cd\u99c1\u8207\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u63a1\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6176\u5e78\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u62b1\u6301\u7570\u898b\u8207\u6311\u6230\u7576\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u624b\u7d91\u7d81\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u56c9\uff01(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5716\u7247\u7531\u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b) \u00a0 \u300c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6e2f\u7063\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7acb\u5834\u300d \u00a0 \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\u7c21\u4ecb: \u8cc7\u6df1\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u8ecd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6 \u5f35\u7af6\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u83ef\u6230\u7565\u5b78\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u69ae\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u6d77\u8ecd\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4e26\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u6b0a\u8ecd\u8266\u8266\u9577\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7e3e\u512a\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u8d6b\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u3002 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