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 \u5468\u6770\u7a4e\u91ab\u5e2b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc(Streptococcus pneumoniae)\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u4fb5\u8972\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u8166\u819c\u708e\u548c\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u3002\u5168\u7403\u56e0\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u9054\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b30\u5152\u3001\u5e74\u9577\u8005\u53ca\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u7686\u70ba\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u7fa4\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u9810\u9632\u76f8\u95dc\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u767c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3002  \u5468\u6770\u7a4e\u91ab\u5e2b\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u985e\uff1a\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u75ab\u82d7\u53ca\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u75ab\u82d7(Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, PPV)\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u958b\u767c\u7684\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6210\u4eba\u548c\u5e74\u9577\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8f03\u5dee\u3002\u800c\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u75ab\u82d7(Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, PCV)\u5c07\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8f09\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u75ab\u82d7\u70baPCV13\uff1b\u96a8\u8457\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u548c\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6301\u7e8c\u7814\u767c\u6db5\u84cb\u66f4\u591a\u8840\u6e05\u578b\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5982PCV15\u548cPCV20\u7b49\uff0c\u5df2\u65bc2021\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u98df\u54c1\u85e5\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40(FDA)\u6838\u51c6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c07\u70ba\u66f4\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002  \u53f0\u7063\u91dd\u5c0d\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u7a2e\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u885b\u751f\u798f\u5229\u90e8\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u8aee\u8a62\u6703\u9810\u9632\u63a5\u7a2e\u7d44(ACIP)\u5efa\u8b7065\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u4e00\u529113\u50f9\u621615\u50f9\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7(PCV13\/15)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u529123\u50f9\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u75ab\u82d7(PPV23)\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u56e0\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u98a8\u96aa\u3002  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 \u5468\u6770\u7a4e\u91ab\u5e2b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc(Streptococcus pneumoniae)\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u4fb5\u8972\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u8166\u819c\u708e\u548c\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u3002\u5168\u7403\u56e0\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u9054\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b30\u5152\u3001\u5e74\u9577\u8005\u53ca\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u7686\u70ba\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u7fa4\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u9810\u9632\u76f8\u95dc\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u767c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3002  \u5468\u6770\u7a4e\u91ab\u5e2b\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u985e\uff1a\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u75ab\u82d7\u53ca\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u75ab\u82d7(Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, PPV)\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u958b\u767c\u7684\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6210\u4eba\u548c\u5e74\u9577\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8f03\u5dee\u3002\u800c\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u75ab\u82d7(Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, PCV)\u5c07\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8f09\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u75ab\u82d7\u70baPCV13\uff1b\u96a8\u8457\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u548c\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6301\u7e8c\u7814\u767c\u6db5\u84cb\u66f4\u591a\u8840\u6e05\u578b\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5982PCV15\u548cPCV20\u7b49\uff0c\u5df2\u65bc2021\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u98df\u54c1\u85e5\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40(FDA)\u6838\u51c6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c07\u70ba\u66f4\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002  \u53f0\u7063\u91dd\u5c0d\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u7a2e\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u885b\u751f\u798f\u5229\u90e8\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u8aee\u8a62\u6703\u9810\u9632\u63a5\u7a2e\u7d44(ACIP)\u5efa\u8b7065\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u4e00\u529113\u50f9\u621615\u50f9\u7d50\u5408\u578b\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u75ab\u82d7(PCV13\/15)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u529123\u50f9\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u591a\u91a3\u9ad4\u75ab\u82d7(PPV23)\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u56e0\u80ba\u708e\u93c8\u7403\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u98a8\u96aa\u3002  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