{"id":111694,"date":"2022-08-15T13:32:28","date_gmt":"2022-08-15T13:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=111694"},"modified":"2022-08-15T14:57:20","modified_gmt":"2022-08-15T14:57:20","slug":"%e6%88%91%e5%b0%87%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8%e6%9c%ab%e5%8a%ab%e6%99%82%e6%9c%9f%e3%80%80%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e7%95%b0%e5%b8%b8%e6%b0%a3%e5%80%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pingtungtimes.com.tw\/?p=111694","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u672b\u52ab\u6642\u671f\u3000\u4fee\u5fa9\u7570\u5e38\u6c23\u5019"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u6c23\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u8cf4\u7d66\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u7522\u751f\u4f9d\u7522\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u6709\u6a5f\u5ee2\u7269\u7684\u5206\u89e3(\u5783\u573e\u63a9\u57cb)\uff1b<\/p>\n

2.\u5929\u7136\u6e90\u982d(\u5982\u6cbc\u6fa4)(\u7d04\u4f5423%)\uff1b<\/p>\n

3.\u5f9e\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6(\u7d04\u4f5420%)\uff1b<\/p>\n

4.\u52d5\u7269(\u5982\u725b\u6253\u55dd\u8207\u653e\u5c41)\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u904e\u7a0b(\u7d04\u4f5417%)\uff1b<\/p>\n

5.\u7a3b\u7530\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u83cc(\u7d04\u4f5412%)\uff1b<\/p>\n

6.\u751f\u7269\u7269\u8cea\u7f3a\u6c27\u52a0\u71b1\u6216\u71c3\u71d2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u76ee\u524d\u4e8b\u696d\u898f\u5283\u671d\u8457\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u5c0d\u6e1b\u5c11\u5927\u6c23\u7532\u70f7\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u9f13\u52f5\u5403\u7d20\u98df\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u755c\u7267\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7532\u70f7\u6392\u653e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u7ce7\u98df\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5728\u63a8\u5ee3\u7d20\u98df\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u7267\u8349\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u591a\u7cd6\u8207\u55ae\u91a3\u800c\u88fd\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e26\u505a\u6210\u4eba\u9020\u8089\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u9020\u725b\u80c3\u300d\uff0c\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5206\u89e3\u7e96\u7dad\u7d20\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7532\u70f7\u96c6\u4e2d\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u5728\u77f3\u5316\u63d0\u7149\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u7522\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5118\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5176\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u5916\u6ea2\u5230\u5927\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u8ac7\u4e86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u9084\u6c92\u544a\u8a34\u5927\u5bb6\u70ba\u4f55\u7570\u5e38\u6c23\u5019\u5927\u591a\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5317\u534a\u7403\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u5927\u6c23\u7532\u70f7\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7532\u70f7\u6e90\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u7136\u7684\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u88fd\u9020\u7684\uff09\u662f\u4f4d\u65bc\u5317\u534a\u7403\uff0c\u4e14\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6709\u8f03\u591a\u9678\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7570\u5e38\u6c23\u5019\u3000\u5c07\u9020\u6210\u5730\u7403\u91cd\u5927\u50b7\u5bb3<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7576\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6eab\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u9ad4\u7a4d\u5c07\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u5357\u6975\u548c\u683c\u9675\u862d\u7684\u5927\u9678\u51b0\u5ddd\u4e5f\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6f6e\u6c50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c07\u65e5\u591c\u6c96\u5237\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u6df9\u6c92\u6cbf\u6d77\u4f4e\u6d77\u62d4\u5730\u5340\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u964d\u6c34\u6a21\u5f0f\u6539\u8b8a\u548c\u4e9e\u71b1\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u5316\uff0c\u52a9\u9577\u6975\u7aef\u5929\u6c23\u5305\u62ec\u71b1\u6d6a\u3001\u4e7e\u65f1\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u706b\u3001\u66b4\u96e8\u3001\u6c34\u60a3\u3001\u66b4\u96ea\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5357\u5317\u6975\u51b0\u539f\u89e3\u51cd\u5c07\u91cb\u653e\u5104\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u88ab\u51cd\u7d50\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u8207\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5c07\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5f9e\u672a\u898b\u904e\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u75ab\u75c5\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u5929\u707d\u8972\u64ca\u5c07\u5728\u5168\u7403\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8207\u8ca1\u7522\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\uff0c2015\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u901a\u904e\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6c23\u5019\u5354\u8b70\u300b\uff08The Paris Agreement\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u540c\u610f\u300c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u65bc\u651d\u6c0f 2 \u5ea6\u4ee5\u5167\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662fIPCC\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5404\u570b\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 1990 \u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\u5c07\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u651d\u6c0f 1.5 \u5ea6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u66f4\u6307\u51fa2030\u5e74\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5fc5\u9808\u6e1b\u5c11 45%\uff0c2050 \u5e74\u9054\u5230\u6de8\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\uff08\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5b88\u4f4f\u90190.5\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u5168\u7403\u9762\u81e8\u7f3a\u6c34\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c1150%\u3001\u4e0a\u5104\u4eba\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u6c23\u5019\u800c\u8ca7\u7aae\u3001\u8fb2\u4f5c\u640d\u5931\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6e1b\u5c112\u500d\u30011 \u5343\u842c\u4eba\u4e0d\u906d\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u5f71\u97ff\u30014\u51042\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u907f\u514d\u53d7\u5230\u71b1\u6d6a\u8972\u64ca\u3001\u9632\u6b62150\u81f3250\u842c\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6c38\u51cd\u571f\u878d\u5316\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u8b77\u7121\u6578\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u9762\u81e8\u7d55\u7a2e\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u6c92\u5b88\u4f4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5230\u5e951990\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u628a\u81fa\u7063\u5e7e\u500b\u76e3\u6e2c\u7ad9\u57281950\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u82072020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u5217\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u81fa\u7063\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u591a\u5c11(\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f1950\u5e74\/1990\u5e74\/2020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u800c\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f2020\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u5dee)\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f6d\u52a0\u5dbc (101M)\u00a0 21.3 \/ 21.9 \/ 22.9 \/ \uff0b1.0<\/p>\n

\u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \/ 17.1 \/ 17.8 \/ \uff0b0.7<\/p>\n

\u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \/ 18.8 \/ 19.2 \/ \uff0b0.4<\/p>\n

\u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \/ 22.2 \/ 23.2 \/ \uff0b1.0<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 23.5 \/ 24.2 \/ \uff0b0.7<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.8 \/ \uff0b1.1<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.2 \/ 24.5 \/ \uff0b1.3<\/p>\n

\u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \/ 10.9 \/ 11.4 \/ \uff0b0.5<\/p>\n

\u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \/ 4.1 \/ 5.0 \/ \uff0b0.9<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.0 \/ 25.3 \/ \uff0b1.3<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \/ 25.1 \/ 26.4 \/ \uff0b1.3<\/p>\n

\u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9<\/p>\n

\u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.3 \/ 24.4 \/ \uff0b1.1<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.4 \/ 25.2 \/ \uff0b0.8<\/p>\n

\u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.4 \/ \uff0b0.7<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u4e0a\u8868\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u539f\u4f86IPCC\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8981\u52302099\u5e74\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u53ea\u4e0a\u53471.5\u5ea6\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u904e\u4e86\u4e0d\u52301\/3\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u53f0\u4e2d(\uff0b1.3)\u3001\u53f0\u5357(\uff0b1.3)\u3001\u9ad8\u96c4(\uff0b1.3)\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u903c\u8fd1\u4e861.5\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u9084\u662f\u5728\u56db\u9762\u74b0\u6d77\u7684\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u56db\u5b63\u90fd\u6709\u6d77\u98a8\u4f86\u8abf\u7bc0\u6c23\u6eab\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u9678\u5730\u5f62\u7684\u5730\u5340\u6050\u6015\u5e74\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u4e0a\u5347\u60c5\u6cc1\u6bd4\u81fa\u7063\u66f4\u60e1\u52a3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u624d\u6703\u8aaaIPCC\u6240\u60f3\u8981\u907f\u514d\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u4e0d\u53ea\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u707d\u5bb3\u5c07\u63d0\u524d\u5f9e\u73fe\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6703\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u7684\u52a0\u5287\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5df2\u7d93\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u8aaa\u904e\u6240\u9810\u898b\u5230\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u5c07\u8655\u65bc\u672b\u52ab\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u5c07\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u6e90\u8d77\u65bc\u7570\u5e38\u6c23\u5019\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u60f3\u518d\u8d05\u8ff0\u672b\u52ab\u6642\u671f\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u63a2\u8a0e\u5728\u672b\u7bc0\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u8981\u5982\u4f55\u4f86\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u8b93\u7570\u5e38\u6c23\u5019\u56de\u6b78\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672b\u52ab\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5730\u7403\u6c23\u5019\u3000\u6703\u662f\u600e\u6a23\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u6975\u7684\u51b0\u539f\u878d\u5316\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u5343\u842c\u5e74\u7684\u529f\u592b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u51cd\u7d50\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u5ea7\u51b0\u539f\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u201c\u6eab\u9e7d\u74b0\u6d41\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6696\u6d41\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u6d41\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6eab\u9e7d\u74b0\u6d41\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u201c\u6df1\u6d77\u6d0b\u6d41\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u53ca\u5357\u51b0\u6d0b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9e7d\u5206\u53ca\u6eab\u5dee\u5c0d\u6d41\u800c\u89f8\u767c\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6eab\u9e7d\u5faa\u74b0\u8017\u6642\u5927\u7d041600\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d0b\u6d41\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u56fa\u614b\u53ca\u6c23\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6e90\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6700\u8b93\u4eba\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6046\u6eab\u529f\u80fd\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b50\u6d32\u5c07\u53d7\u5bb3\u751a\u6df1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u74b0\u6d41\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6a02\u89c0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5cfd\u5357\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u89aa\u6f6e\u201d\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u51b7\u6d41\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6f01\u5834\u5c07\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u5916\u6d77\u7684\u6f01\u5834\u4e5f\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u5317\u534a\u7403\u5c07\u662f\u9177\u71b1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u9678\u5730\u6216\u662f\u6d77\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c34\u5206\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u84b8\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u84b8\u6c23\u53c8\u662f\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u84c4\u71b1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u9678\u5730\u7f3a\u6c34\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u7ce7\u98df\u7121\u6cd5\u751f\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5357\u534a\u7403\u6703\u597d\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6c23\u6eab\u8f03\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7a0d\u4f4e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6046\u6eab\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u64da\u91cd\u5fb7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d64\u9053\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6d77\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u91cd\u5fb7\u5927\u591a\u6578\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u201d(\u61c9\u9f8d\u7aa9)\u90fd\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5728\u5317\u7def10\u5ea6\u250020\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4f55\u8aaa\u8d64\u9053\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6d77\u9762\u6c23\u5019\u6703\u6bd4\u5317\u534a\u7403\u597d\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u6642\u8d64\u9053\u662f\u96e2\u5fc3\u529b\u6700\u5927\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u5e95\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u8207\u5730\u7403\u5728\u8d64\u9053\u9644\u8fd1\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u79fb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u8d64\u9053\u5730\u5340\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u201c\u6eab\u9e7d\u74b0\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8d64\u9053\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u5b63\u98a8\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5317\u8d64\u9053\u6d77\u6d41\u201d\u8207\u201c\u5357\u8d64\u9053\u6d77\u6d41\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5317\u8d64\u9053\u6d77\u6d41\u201d\u4f4d\u65bc\u5317\u7def10\u5ea6\u81f3\u5317\u7def20\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u6d41\u5411\u7531\u6771\u5411\u897f\u3002\u201c\u5357\u8d64\u9053\u6d77\u6d41\u201d \u4f4d\u65bc\u5357\u7def0\u5ea6\u81f3\u5357\u7def20\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u6d41\u5411\u7531\u6771\u5411\u897f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e2d\u9593\u5927\u7d04\u5317\u7def5\u5ea6\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u201c\u8d64\u9053\u9006\u6d41\u201d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u6d0b\u6709\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u751f\u547d\u3002\u64da\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u8056\u5b30\u73fe\u8c61\u201d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u201c\u8d64\u9053\u9006\u6d41\u201d\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u660e\u986f\u589e\u5f37\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8d64\u9053\u7684\u6d77\u9762\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u6d77\u6d41\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5730\u7403\u9084\u5728\u81ea\u8f49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\u5317\u534a\u7403\u5927\u91cf\u84b8\u767c\u7684\u6c34\u6c23\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6c92\u6709\u51dd\u7d50\u964d\u6c34\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u8207\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u7684\u96e2\u5fc3\u529b\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6c34\u84b8\u6c23\u90fd\u6703\u8dd1\u5230\u8d64\u9053\u4f86\u964d\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d64\u9053\u4e0d\u53ea\u96e8\u6c34\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u6c23\u6eab\u4e5f\u88ab\u8abf\u7bc0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u672b\u52ab\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3000\u4fee\u5fa9\u5730\u7403<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5c07\u5728\u672b\u52ab\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u8001\u5929\u6d88\u6ec5\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5f8c\uff0c\u512a\u5148\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u4e03\u5104\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u91cd\u5fb7\u898f\u5283\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u8207\u201c\u65b9\u821f\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4e03\u5343\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u9019\u4e03\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8db3\u5920\u7d66\u4e03\u5104\u4eba\u5403\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5\u98db\u8247\u53ca\u767b\u9678\u8247\u9001\u5230\u5c71\u5340\u6216\u6ff1\u6d77\u53bb\u990a\u6d3b\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6eab\u5ba4\u6548\u61c9\u5df2\u7d93\u6e1b\u7de9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fa9\u539f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u82e5\u662f\u653e\u4efb\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u767e\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u6062\u5fa9\uff0c\u7de9\u4e0d\u6fdf\u6025\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u4fee\u5fa9\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u4f55\u8655\u8457\u624b\u5462\uff1f\u91cd\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u9084\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u6d77\u6d0b\u8457\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6c23\u5019\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d 90% \u7684\u591a\u9918\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6216\u8abf\u7bc0\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u3001\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u7269\u548c\u5929\u6c23\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u66f4\u5f9e\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u5438\u6536 20%\u81f3 30% \u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. (1993) “Essentials ofOceanography”, 4th ed.\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5357\u5317\u6975\u51b0\u539f\u6eb6\u89e3\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u6c34\u8b8a\u6de1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5728\u964d\u6eab\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u5931\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u6216\u662f\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u6de1\u5316\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u9e7d\u5ea6\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5438\u71b1\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u66f4\u5dee\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \/ 17.1 \/ 17.8 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \/ 18.8 \/ 19.2 \/ \uff0b0.4 \u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \/ 22.2 \/ 23.2 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 23.5 \/ 24.2 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.8 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.2 \/ 24.5 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \/ 10.9 \/ 11.4 \/ \uff0b0.5 \u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \/ 4.1 \/ 5.0 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.0 \/ 25.3 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \/ 25.1 \/ 26.4 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.3 \/ 24.4 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.4 \/ 25.2 \/ \uff0b0.8 \u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.4 \/ \uff0b0.7 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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u624d\u6703\u8aaaIPCC\u6240\u60f3\u8981\u907f\u514d\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u4e0d\u53ea\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u707d\u5bb3\u5c07\u63d0\u524d\u5f9e\u73fe\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6703\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u7684\u52a0\u5287\u3002 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5df2\u7d93\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u8aaa\u904e\u6240\u9810\u898b\u5230\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u5c07\u8655\u65bc\u672b\u52ab\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u5c07\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u6e90\u8d77\u65bc\u7570\u5e38\u6c23\u5019\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u60f3\u518d\u8d05\u8ff0\u672b\u52ab\u6642\u671f\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u63a2\u8a0e\u5728\u672b\u7bc0\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 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\u800c\u4e14\u5317\u534a\u7403\u5927\u91cf\u84b8\u767c\u7684\u6c34\u6c23\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6c92\u6709\u51dd\u7d50\u964d\u6c34\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u8207\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u7684\u96e2\u5fc3\u529b\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6c34\u84b8\u6c23\u90fd\u6703\u8dd1\u5230\u8d64\u9053\u4f86\u964d\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d64\u9053\u4e0d\u53ea\u96e8\u6c34\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u6c23\u6eab\u4e5f\u88ab\u8abf\u7bc0\u4e86\u3002 \u6211\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u672b\u52ab\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3000\u4fee\u5fa9\u5730\u7403 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5c07\u5728\u672b\u52ab\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u8001\u5929\u6d88\u6ec5\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5f8c\uff0c\u512a\u5148\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u4e03\u5104\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u91cd\u5fb7\u898f\u5283\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u8207\u201c\u65b9\u821f\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4e03\u5343\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u9019\u4e03\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8db3\u5920\u7d66\u4e03\u5104\u4eba\u5403\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5\u98db\u8247\u53ca\u767b\u9678\u8247\u9001\u5230\u5c71\u5340\u6216\u6ff1\u6d77\u53bb\u990a\u6d3b\u4ed6\u5011\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6eab\u5ba4\u6548\u61c9\u5df2\u7d93\u6e1b\u7de9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fa9\u539f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u82e5\u662f\u653e\u4efb\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u767e\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u6062\u5fa9\uff0c\u7de9\u4e0d\u6fdf\u6025\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u4fee\u5fa9\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u4f55\u8655\u8457\u624b\u5462\uff1f\u91cd\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u9084\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u6d77\u6d0b\u8457\u624b\u3002 \u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6c23\u5019\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d 90% \u7684\u591a\u9918\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6216\u8abf\u7bc0\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u3001\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u7269\u548c\u5929\u6c23\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u66f4\u5f9e\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u5438\u6536 20%\u81f3 30% \u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002 T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. (1993) "Essentials ofOceanography", 4th ed.\u3002 \u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5357\u5317\u6975\u51b0\u539f\u6eb6\u89e3\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u6c34\u8b8a\u6de1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5728\u964d\u6eab\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u5931\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u6216\u662f\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u6de1\u5316\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u9e7d\u5ea6\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5438\u71b1\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u66f4\u5dee\u4e86\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u4fee\u5fa9\u5730\u7403\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u4fee\u5fa9\u6d77\u6d0b\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u9e7d\u5ea6\u8207\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u5c07\u63a1\u7528\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4f86\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u6d77\u6eab\u5dee\u767c\u96fb\u4f86\u5c07\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u5316\u5f8c\u53d6\u7528\u800c\u8b93\u6df1\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u81ea\u7136\u6e67\u51fa\u6d77\u9762\u4f86\u4f7f\u5f97\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u9e7d\u5ea6\u8207\u5bc6\u5ea6\u90fd\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5c07\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u91cd\u65b0\u51dd\u7d50\u6210\u4e00\u5ea7\u5ea7\u51b0\u539f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u62c9\u56de\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9019\u5728\u8d64\u9053\u6d77\u9762\u4e0a\u505a\u51b0\u539f\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u9694\u71b1\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u3002 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3.\u5f9e\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6(\u7d04\u4f5420%)\uff1b 4.\u52d5\u7269(\u5982\u725b\u6253\u55dd\u8207\u653e\u5c41)\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u904e\u7a0b(\u7d04\u4f5417%)\uff1b 5.\u7a3b\u7530\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u83cc(\u7d04\u4f5412%)\uff1b 6.\u751f\u7269\u7269\u8cea\u7f3a\u6c27\u52a0\u71b1\u6216\u71c3\u71d2\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7\u76ee\u524d\u4e8b\u696d\u898f\u5283\u671d\u8457\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u5c0d\u6e1b\u5c11\u5927\u6c23\u7532\u70f7\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff1a 1.\u9f13\u52f5\u5403\u7d20\u98df\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u755c\u7267\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7532\u70f7\u6392\u653e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u7ce7\u98df\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u3002 2.\u5728\u63a8\u5ee3\u7d20\u98df\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u7267\u8349\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u591a\u7cd6\u8207\u55ae\u91a3\u800c\u88fd\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e26\u505a\u6210\u4eba\u9020\u8089\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u9020\u725b\u80c3\u300d\uff0c\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5206\u89e3\u7e96\u7dad\u7d20\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7532\u70f7\u96c6\u4e2d\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 3.\u5728\u77f3\u5316\u63d0\u7149\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u7522\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5118\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5176\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u5916\u6ea2\u5230\u5927\u6c23\u3002 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\u96d6\u7136\uff0c2015\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u901a\u904e\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6c23\u5019\u5354\u8b70\u300b\uff08The Paris Agreement\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u540c\u610f\u300c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u65bc\u651d\u6c0f 2 \u5ea6\u4ee5\u5167\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662fIPCC\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5404\u570b\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 1990 \u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\u5c07\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u651d\u6c0f 1.5 \u5ea6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u66f4\u6307\u51fa2030\u5e74\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5fc5\u9808\u6e1b\u5c11 45%\uff0c2050 \u5e74\u9054\u5230\u6de8\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\uff08\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u6c92\u5b88\u4f4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5230\u5e951990\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u628a\u81fa\u7063\u5e7e\u500b\u76e3\u6e2c\u7ad9\u57281950\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u82072020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u5217\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u81fa\u7063\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u591a\u5c11(\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f1950\u5e74\/1990\u5e74\/2020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u800c\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f2020\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u5dee)\uff1a \u5f6d\u52a0\u5dbc (101M)\u00a0 21.3 \/ 21.9 \/ 22.9 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \/ 17.1 \/ 17.8 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \/ 18.8 \/ 19.2 \/ \uff0b0.4 \u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \/ 22.2 \/ 23.2 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 23.5 \/ 24.2 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.8 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.2 \/ 24.5 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \/ 10.9 \/ 11.4 \/ \uff0b0.5 \u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \/ 4.1 \/ 5.0 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.0 \/ 25.3 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \/ 25.1 \/ 26.4 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.3 \/ 24.4 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.4 \/ 25.2 \/ \uff0b0.8 \u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.4 \/ \uff0b0.7 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\u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002 T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. (1993) "Essentials ofOceanography", 4th ed.\u3002 \u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5357\u5317\u6975\u51b0\u539f\u6eb6\u89e3\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u6c34\u8b8a\u6de1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5728\u964d\u6eab\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u5931\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u6216\u662f\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u6de1\u5316\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u9e7d\u5ea6\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5438\u71b1\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u66f4\u5dee\u4e86\u3002 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\u96d6\u7136\uff0c2015\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u901a\u904e\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6c23\u5019\u5354\u8b70\u300b\uff08The Paris Agreement\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u540c\u610f\u300c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u65bc\u651d\u6c0f 2 \u5ea6\u4ee5\u5167\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662fIPCC\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5404\u570b\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 1990 \u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\u5c07\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u651d\u6c0f 1.5 \u5ea6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u66f4\u6307\u51fa2030\u5e74\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5fc5\u9808\u6e1b\u5c11 45%\uff0c2050 \u5e74\u9054\u5230\u6de8\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\uff08\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u6c92\u5b88\u4f4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5230\u5e951990\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u628a\u81fa\u7063\u5e7e\u500b\u76e3\u6e2c\u7ad9\u57281950\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u82072020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u5217\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u81fa\u7063\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u591a\u5c11(\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f1950\u5e74\\\/1990\u5e74\\\/2020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u800c\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f2020\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u5dee)\uff1a \u5f6d\u52a0\u5dbc (101M)\u00a0 21.3 \\\/ 21.9 \\\/ 22.9 \\\/ \uff0b1.0 \u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \\\/ 17.1 \\\/ 17.8 \\\/ \uff0b0.7 \u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \\\/ 18.8 \\\/ 19.2 \\\/ \uff0b0.4 \u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \\\/ 22.2 \\\/ 23.2 \\\/ \uff0b1.0 \u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \\\/ 22.6 \\\/ 23.5 \\\/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \\\/ 23.5 \\\/ 24.2 \\\/ \uff0b0.7 \u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \\\/ 22.7 \\\/ 23.8 \\\/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \\\/ 23.2 \\\/ 24.5 \\\/ \uff0b1.3 \u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \\\/ 10.9 \\\/ 11.4 \\\/ \uff0b0.5 \u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \\\/ 4.1 \\\/ 5.0 \\\/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \\\/ 24.0 \\\/ 25.3 \\\/ \uff0b1.3 \u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \\\/ 25.1 \\\/ 26.4 \\\/ \uff0b1.3 \u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \\\/ 22.6 \\\/ 23.5 \\\/ \uff0b0.9 \u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \\\/ 23.3 \\\/ 24.4 \\\/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \\\/ 24.4 \\\/ 25.2 \\\/ \uff0b0.8 \u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \\\/ 22.7 \\\/ 23.4 \\\/ \uff0b0.7 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\u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002 T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. 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\u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \/ 17.1 \/ 17.8 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \/ 18.8 \/ 19.2 \/ \uff0b0.4 \u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \/ 22.2 \/ 23.2 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 23.5 \/ 24.2 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.8 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.2 \/ 24.5 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \/ 10.9 \/ 11.4 \/ \uff0b0.5 \u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \/ 4.1 \/ 5.0 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.0 \/ 25.3 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \/ 25.1 \/ 26.4 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.3 \/ 24.4 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.4 \/ 25.2 \/ \uff0b0.8 \u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.4 \/ \uff0b0.7 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\u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002 T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. (1993) \"Essentials ofOceanography\", 4th ed.\u3002 \u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5357\u5317\u6975\u51b0\u539f\u6eb6\u89e3\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u6c34\u8b8a\u6de1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5728\u964d\u6eab\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u5931\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u6216\u662f\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8868\u5c64\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u6de1\u5316\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u9e7d\u5ea6\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5438\u71b1\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u66f4\u5dee\u4e86\u3002 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\u96d6\u7136\uff0c2015\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u901a\u904e\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6c23\u5019\u5354\u8b70\u300b\uff08The Paris Agreement\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u540c\u610f\u300c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u65bc\u651d\u6c0f 2 \u5ea6\u4ee5\u5167\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662fIPCC\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5404\u570b\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 1990 \u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\u5c07\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u651d\u6c0f 1.5 \u5ea6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u66f4\u6307\u51fa2030\u5e74\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5fc5\u9808\u6e1b\u5c11 45%\uff0c2050 \u5e74\u9054\u5230\u6de8\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\uff08\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5b88\u4f4f\u90190.5\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u5168\u7403\u9762\u81e8\u7f3a\u6c34\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c1150%\u3001\u4e0a\u5104\u4eba\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u6c23\u5019\u800c\u8ca7\u7aae\u3001\u8fb2\u4f5c\u640d\u5931\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6e1b\u5c112\u500d\u30011 \u5343\u842c\u4eba\u4e0d\u906d\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u5f71\u97ff\u30014\u51042\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u907f\u514d\u53d7\u5230\u71b1\u6d6a\u8972\u64ca\u3001\u9632\u6b62150\u81f3250\u842c\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6c38\u51cd\u571f\u878d\u5316\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u8b77\u7121\u6578\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u9762\u81e8\u7d55\u7a2e\u5371\u6a5f\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u6c92\u5b88\u4f4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5230\u5e951990\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u628a\u81fa\u7063\u5e7e\u500b\u76e3\u6e2c\u7ad9\u57281950\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u82072020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u5217\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u81fa\u7063\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u591a\u5c11(\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f1950\u5e74\/1990\u5e74\/2020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u800c\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f2020\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u5dee)\uff1a \u5f6d\u52a0\u5dbc (101M)\u00a0 21.3 \/ 21.9 \/ 22.9 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \/ 17.1 \/ 17.8 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \/ 18.8 \/ 19.2 \/ \uff0b0.4 \u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \/ 22.2 \/ 23.2 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 23.5 \/ 24.2 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.8 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.2 \/ 24.5 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \/ 10.9 \/ 11.4 \/ \uff0b0.5 \u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \/ 4.1 \/ 5.0 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.0 \/ 25.3 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \/ 25.1 \/ 26.4 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.3 \/ 24.4 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.4 \/ 25.2 \/ \uff0b0.8 \u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.4 \/ \uff0b0.7 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\u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002 T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. 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\u96d6\u7136\uff0c2015\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u901a\u904e\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6c23\u5019\u5354\u8b70\u300b\uff08The Paris Agreement\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u9996\u6b21\u540c\u610f\u300c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u65bc\u651d\u6c0f 2 \u5ea6\u4ee5\u5167\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662fIPCC\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5404\u570b\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 1990 \u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u524d\u5c07\u5730\u7403\u5347\u6eab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u651d\u6c0f 1.5 \u5ea6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u66f4\u6307\u51fa2030\u5e74\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u5fc5\u9808\u6e1b\u5c11 45%\uff0c2050 \u5e74\u9054\u5230\u6de8\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\uff08\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5b88\u4f4f\u90190.5\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u5168\u7403\u9762\u81e8\u7f3a\u6c34\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c1150%\u3001\u4e0a\u5104\u4eba\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u6c23\u5019\u800c\u8ca7\u7aae\u3001\u8fb2\u4f5c\u640d\u5931\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6e1b\u5c112\u500d\u30011 \u5343\u842c\u4eba\u4e0d\u906d\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\u5f71\u97ff\u30014\u51042\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u907f\u514d\u53d7\u5230\u71b1\u6d6a\u8972\u64ca\u3001\u9632\u6b62150\u81f3250\u842c\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6c38\u51cd\u571f\u878d\u5316\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u8b77\u7121\u6578\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u9762\u81e8\u7d55\u7a2e\u5371\u6a5f\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u6c92\u5b88\u4f4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5230\u5e951990\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u6eab\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u90fd\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u628a\u81fa\u7063\u5e7e\u500b\u76e3\u6e2c\u7ad9\u57281950\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u82072020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u5217\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u81fa\u7063\u5e73\u5747\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u591a\u5c11(\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f1950\u5e74\/1990\u5e74\/2020\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u800c\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f2020\u5e74\u82071990\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6c23\u6eab\u4e4b\u5dee)\uff1a \u5f6d\u52a0\u5dbc (101M)\u00a0 21.3 \/ 21.9 \/ 22.9 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u978d\u90e8 (825M)\u00a0 16.5 \/ 17.1 \/ 17.8 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u7af9\u5b50\u6e56 (617M)\u00a0 18.0 \/ 18.8 \/ 19.2 \/ \uff0b0.4 \u6de1\u6c34 (19M)\u00a0 21.9 \/ 22.2 \/ 23.2 \/ \uff0b1.0 \u57fa\u9686 (26M)\u00a0 21.8 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5317 (5M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 23.5 \/ 24.2 \/ \uff0b0.7 \u65b0\u7af9 (34M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.8 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u4e2d (84M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.2 \/ 24.5 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u963f\u91cc\u5c71 (2413M)\u00a0 10.6 \/ 10.9 \/ 11.4 \/ \uff0b0.5 \u7389\u5c71 (3844M)\u00a0 6.5 \/ 4.1 \/ 5.0 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u53f0\u5357 (13M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.0 \/ 25.3 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u9ad8\u96c4 (2M)\u00a0 24.5 \/ 25.1 \/ 26.4 \/ \uff0b1.3 \u5b9c\u862d (7M)\u00a0 21.7 \/ 22.6 \/ 23.5 \/ \uff0b0.9 \u82b1\u84ee (16M)\u00a0 22.6 \/ 23.3 \/ 24.4 \/ \uff0b1.1 \u53f0\u6771 (9M)\u00a0 23.6 \/ 24.4 \/ 25.2 \/ \uff0b0.8 \u862d\u5dbc (324M)\u00a0 22.7 \/ 22.7 \/ 23.4 \/ \uff0b0.7 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\u4eba\u70ba\u6392\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u62b5\u79a6\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5e36\u4f86\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u5fb7 \u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(equation of state)\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ca\u9e7d\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6703\u96a8\u9e7d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u58d3\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002 T-S\u5716\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d77\u6c34\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u3001\u9e7d\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u9e7d\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u70bapsu\uff0c\u6696\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a01.2\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6d77\u6c34\u964d\u6eab5\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e860.4\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u6458\u81eaThurman, H. V. 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